ABDUCTIONS, EUGENICS AND THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT by Adam Whaley PART 1 of 4. Genetic Decay. I would urge everyone to read 'Dysgenics' by Professor Richard Linn, Oxford University Press (ISBN 0275 949176). It is due to be published in mid-February and promises to explode on the scene in a massive series of arguments for and against Eugenics - the study and implementation of human selective breeding. Essentially, it explains in no uncertain terms, the enormous investment we have made in human healthcare has ultimately been a total waste of human resources and can not be continued without eventual catastrophic consequences. In short, the Western World has now become fatally addicted to healthcare and our genome, so weakened by successive generations of artificial repair, can no longer survive without constant maintenance. We have been papering over the genetic cracks since Hypocrates and probably well before that. Despite a great many advances in the field of genetics, the medical fraternity is finding it increasingly difficult to cheat the degradation of our genes and is encountering a growing magnitude of endemic problems not least of all 'emergent' bacteria and viruses, the 'superbugs', and increasingly frequent cases of immune-deficiency disorders and toxic allergies. Just around the corner is the spectre of Infectious Prion Proteins - you may recall we had a preview with Necrotising Fasceitis, the flesh eating 'bug' that burst to fame in 1995. Now we have the timebomb of CJD and all its horrific variants. Although many of these 'modern' ailments may prove to have external causative contributory factors, such as environmental and sociological pressures, these may also be ultimately traceable to many latent genetic pre-dispositions towards such diseases. Of course, you may argue that people live a lot longer and healthier lives these days and you would be right. The question is could people achieve this without the intervention of healthcare? The answer - No! For example, if you take the percentage of the Western population who survive to child bearing age (say) and then you subtract from this figure the percentage who would have probably died without the intervention of healthcare (ever had 'flu, bronchitis, etc etc?), you would be left with a dismally low proportion compared with similar figures of, say, one hundred years earlier. 'Dysgenics' promises to explain everything I have been saying for the last fifteen years and I use here, my short discourse on Defective Eyesight to hopefully further illustrate the point: In our prehistoric past, at a time when good eyesight was critical for survival, evolution selected naturally in favour of improved vision. As a direct consequence, the gene for 20/20 vision surfaced through the gene pool and now stands as the pinnacle of ultimate human visual acuity. If your vision allowed you to survive and reproduce, then the gene for good vision would, in all likelihood, be passed on to your offspring. Conversely, the gene for bad vision was selectively bred out as those people with bad eyesight were more likely to die before reaching reproductive age as they stood a greater chance of being eaten; not being able to hunt or feed effectively or just not being found reproductively attractive to a potential mate. Alien Intervention? As an aside, it is the subject of heated debate amongst the more forward thinking of our Paleo-Anthropologists as to how sentience, and consequent emergent intelligence evolved within such a relatively short time scale. When one considers the blink of an evolutionary eye in which we seem to have discovered tools, fire, language, agriculture, art and civilisation the options leave little to consider other than a ridiculously improbable chance mutation or some form of outside intervention - Extraterrestrial or Supernatural - take your pick. It would not have been a particularly improbable 'chance mutation' given a much longer time scale in the same way as other complex structures are known to have evolved such as the eye, or indeed, the primate brain. There is, therefore, a growing body of evidence which suggests that our DNA may well have been manipulated in our prehistory and the full and comprehensive analysis of our DNA on completion of the Human Genome Project may offer some astounding results. Meanwhile, it may be worth reflecting on the strange fact that we share more of our DNA with Chimpanzees than Chimpanzees share with Gorillas, their nearest genetic relatives otherwise! We can expect to see a few surprises emerging from the so-called 'junk' DNA as the Human Genome Project gains momentum and the data is correlated having been collected from all corners of the earth by a huge number of scientific research institutes. (Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies!) n.b. I will demonstrate that there may well ultimately be an unbeliveably sinister motive behind the Human Genome Project and its connection with my Final Conspiracy Theory in parts 2,3 and 4 of this essay. In the absence of any hard evidence to the contrary, let us assume that there was indeed such an intervention and genetic manipulation by an alien race or races around 12'000 years ago. This may have been the final conclusion to several stages of manipulation vis-à-vis our various extinct hominid ancestors. In any event, the newly infused gene for sentience successfully evolved through the gene pool and with along with sentience, came intelligence. A chain reaction was established and as the level of intelligence of human beings increased we found more and more ingenious ways by which we could cheat natural selection at its most basic level. (It can be shown that Natural Selection works, not just on physical organisms but on all things, on all levels, at all times by shifting up and down through the gears of both the physical and non-physical realms - a continuum of mind/matter interaction). Back to the plot. 'Healthcare' has now reached such absurd politically-correct levels that we are told life is so precious we must even try and cheat nature's desperate attempts to jettison an unviable foetus and to assist the genetically infertile with more and more outlandish methods of producing further potentially infertile offspring! Others vociferously try and engage their powers of self-deception to the maximum and attempt to off-load responsibility for planned and spontaneous human abortion in the name of a supposedly caring God. Unfortunately, the more-informed amongst us are now beginning to realise that we cannot cheat nature in the long run and that we have shot ourselves well and truly in both feet. There is no such thing as a free lunch and now is the time that we are having to pick up the tab - with compound interest! The effect of acquired intelligence on the quality of our eyesight was this: After a few million years of hunting and gathering, mankind 'discovered' agriculture. This more-efficient method of survival became gradually less dependent on good eyesight as hunting and gathering had previously necessitated. Good eyesight was still obviously an advantage but it became increasingly less significant as our methods of food production and distribution improved. An individual, who perhaps once might have died as a result of defective eyesight, could now reproduce and pass on the weak gene. Eventually, we discovered optics and found that by sticking bits of bent glass in front of our eyes it really didn't matter much whether anyone could see properly or not, the playing field started to level out. However, after the discovery of corrective lenses our collective quality of eyesight took a nose-dive as the availability of glasses eventually crossed all economic and social boundaries. As long as we could earn a living, survive and reproduce, the quality of our collective eyesight could deteriorate quite happily with each successive generation without any overall undue effect on our general well-being. Evolutionary Psychologists will tell you there still exists a deep-rooted innate prejudice against bad eyesight and any child or teenager who wears glasses will readily confirm this. Adults may not be quite so brutally honest but I would ask you to consider how many TV and magazine sales models and actors, beauty contestants or supermodels (or any of their male equivalents) are publicly seen to wear glasses - even the advertising literature for eye-wear show the attractive models wearing glasses with the lenses removed! Again, we try and cheat natural selection and have relatively recently invented contact lenses. This has eroded the prejudice still further until nowadays, the negative prejudice is almost indistinguishable and allows virtually no sexually selective pressure to help breed out the defective gene. Given unlimited funding, the logical conclusion of a gene for defective eyesight would lead in a direction towards microchip retinal implants with in-built computer image enhancement; infra-red data links (or microwave equivalent) to other humans and/or computer terminals and eventually to a global-vision-databank. Brave New World, New World Order? Perhaps, but reality steps in and applies the brakes. The available financial resources for all areas of healthcare are dwindling rapidly as the demand increases exponentially. As the population escalates and the raw materials that have fueled the largesse, consumption and rampant consumerism run out, the loan is quickly being called in. It will bite first in the lower classes but ultimately, no one is safe as we have all acquired defective genes due to us, and most of our recent ancestors, being given a successive number of 'unnatural' opportunities for survival. Unfortunately, the remedy of human gene decay is not one of simply undertaking an intense programme of selective breeding as the damage has already been done. It would be as futile as attempting to reassemble a dissolved sugar lump by stirring the teaspoon in reverse! Given our current level of knowledge, any direct genetic manipulation would probably result in further disruption in the same way that throwing a screwdriver into a computer is unlikely to improve its performance - not impossible, just unlikely. In any event, it would be an almost impossible task to circumvent the sociological hurdles that have been placed by well-meaning people as a result of the bad name Eugenics has been given with the various Nazi connotations and non-political correctness. An interesting study on attributes of surviving subjects of the Nazi's 'Pure Aryan Master Race' breeding programme showed no statistically significant results. This study focused particularly on matters of intelligence, physical appearance and achievement but not on health. In any event, the collective health of the subjects would not appear to have improved significantly within one generation as improvement or decay becomes evident with a compounded effect over several generations. To my mind, it is a great shame that we have probably lost a golden opportunity to allow our species to survive without a massive biological and ecological crash being caused. When this occurs (and it may be sooner than you think), there may be a quantity of survivors whose numbers might be above the critical mass required to start the process again but in the Gaian sense, it doesn't really matter if one among many species goes extinct. It may be of consolation to some that the demise of the human species will ensure the survival of a great many others. In any event, nature abhors a vacuum and will quickly fill the gap. It is now far too late, but I am sure that, with care and compassion, we could have, perhaps twenty or thirtys years ago, humanely implemented a successful programme of Eugenics. Not the sort of Nazi-type fascist propaganda that critics are fond of citing. I talk of gentle social pressure and effective education being applied. There could have been a financial penalty system used in conjunction such as a graduated reduction in social security benefits or of increased taxation and insurance premiums. As for healthcare, I do not espouse denying this wonderful medium to anyone no matter how 'defective' they may be. The answer would simply have been to passionately dissuade them from breeding. If they had bred already, then pressure by means of applied social stigma should have been made on their descendants likewise. Within only a few generations, the restorative effects would have paid enormous social dividends on the collective well-being of our species. Importantly, there would have been a severe reduction in the demands on the ecosystem. Life would not only have been more healthy but more financially sound and with greater prospects for wholesome self-improvement. In short, the world would have been a much nicer place. To summarise: As a result of our intelligence we have allowed the fundamental quality of, not only our collective eyesight, but our overall physical and mental health to insidiously deteriorate as the increasing percentage of people needing healthcare in increasingly larger amounts continues to escalate with each successive generation. We have been breeding ourselves a massive problem.